QA回答：越南土地面積有限是否會成為像中國一樣的制造業(yè)大國的重大障礙？

Li Pengii Limited landmass? Vietnam is absolutely massive. The Mercator projection makes Vietnam look small.

國土面積有限？越南絕對是個大國。 墨卡托投影法讓越南看起來很小。

Maxence Gomez Vietnam had Indeed a limited landmass of only 330 000 SQ km roughly equal to 3,5%of the Chinese landmass. But, Vietnam has a huge geographic advantage. The Vietnamese seashore is more than 3000 km long. That's an asset regarding the integration of vietnamese manufacturing into global logistics. No need for costly land transportation, factories can be built directly on the sea replicating the Chinese success. There's about 100 million Vietnamese living in Vietnam and Vietnam can also rely on an important diaspora living all around the world . That's why Vietnam is poised to becoming an industrial powerhouse

越南的國土面積確實有限，只有大約33萬平方公里，大約相當(dāng)于中國國土面積的3.5%。 但是，越南擁有巨大的地理優(yōu)勢。越南的海岸線長達3000多公里。這對于將越南制造業(yè)融入全球物流體系來說是一項資產(chǎn)。無需昂貴的陸路運輸，工廠可以直接建在海邊，復(fù)制中國的成功。 越南國內(nèi)約有1億越南人，越南還可以依靠遍布世界各地的重要海外僑民。 這就是為什么越南有望成為一個工業(yè)強國。

Khengchat Ng A lot of the manufacturing in China is in Guangdong Province.which is a third of the land area of Vietnam. Vietnam has the added advantage of a long coastline compared to land area. With a centralised government control, it should take off as a manufacturing giant.

中國的很多制造業(yè)集中在廣東省，其面積僅為越南國土面積的三分之一。與其國土面積相比，越南還擁有海岸線長的額外優(yōu)勢。憑借中央集權(quán)政府的管控，它應(yīng)該能崛起成為一個制造業(yè)巨頭。 天 藍

Land area is not the biggest obstacle to becoming a manufacturing power. The four earliest most developed manufacturing regions in Asia: Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, all have very small land areas. There are only three factors that are most sensitive in modern industry, manufacturing and precision processing: Labor cost Production cycle Supply chain advantage Labor costs cannot be simply viewed as who is cheaper. What modern production lines need is a group of workers who have received basic education and have the ability to think and execute. The production cycle refers to the production of more products within a specific period of time while ensuring production quality. This is related to the scale of the enterprise, the size of the workforce and the level of management. Supply chain advantage refers to choosing suppliers with lower prices and higher coverage within an acceptable cost range. At present, Vietnam meets the first two points, but the third point is difficult to meet. Vietnam is a long and narrow country with no railway or highway network covering the whole country. Its supply chain is highly dependent on China's railway and maritime trade. I think the Vietnamese government has recognized this problem. Their new government plan has begun to build the Hanoi-Ho Chi Minh high-speed railway, and is cooperating with China on standard gauge railway standards. It is hard to say what the future will be like, but I just hope that Vietnam can cherish China’s industrial expertise, improve its own industrialization rate, and eliminate political interference from other countries (I’m talking about the United States).

國土面積并非成為制造業(yè)強國的最大障礙。亞洲最早最發(fā)達的四個制造業(yè)地區(qū)：香港（特區(qū)）、新加坡、韓國和臺灣（地區(qū)），土地面積都非常小?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)、制造業(yè)和精密加工中最敏感的只有三個因素： 勞動力成本 生產(chǎn)周期 供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)勢 勞動力成本不能簡單地看誰更便宜?，F(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)線需要的是一群受過基礎(chǔ)教育、具備思考和執(zhí)行能力的工人。 生產(chǎn)周期是指在保證生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的前提下，在特定時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出更多產(chǎn)品。這關(guān)系到企業(yè)規(guī)模、勞動力規(guī)模和管理水平。 供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)勢是指在可接受的成本范圍內(nèi)選擇價格更低、覆蓋范圍更廣的供應(yīng)商。 目前，越南滿足了前兩點，但第三點很難滿足。越南是一個狹長的國家，沒有覆蓋全國的鐵路或高速公路網(wǎng)。其供應(yīng)鏈高度依賴中國的鐵路和海上貿(mào)易。我認(rèn)為越南政府已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到這個問題。他們的新政府計劃已開始建設(shè)河內(nèi)至胡志明市的高速鐵路，并在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距鐵路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面與中國合作。 未來會怎樣很難說，但我只是希望越南能珍惜中國的工業(yè)專長，提高自身的工業(yè)化率，并消除其他國家的政治干預(yù)（我說的是美國）。

Christian Donzel The need for competing with China doesn’t exist for Vietnam. The idea of impoverishing itself for becoming more powerful is only a masochistic MAGA myth. The Vietnamese government just aims at improving the lifestyle of the persons that live in Vietnam.

越南無意與中國競爭，更無意通過自損式發(fā)展謀求強大——那不過是美國"MAGA"思潮的自虐式迷思。越南政府的目標(biāo)唯在提升國民生活品質(zhì)。

Sapun Jyoti Bhuyan Vietnam known as Land of the Blue Dragon is situated on the edge of southeast Asia is actually not a small country, area wise vietnam contains 128,000 sq miles and 66th in the world and 19th position in Asia in terms of land mass. vietnam being a coastal country have the advantage to expand its trade via sea route and vietnam doing well in this sector.

越南被稱為藍龍之地，位于東南亞邊緣，實際上并非小國。就面積而言，越南擁有128,000平方英里（約33萬平方公里）的國土，在世界上排名第66位，在亞洲排名第19位。越南作為一個沿海國家，擁有通過海路拓展貿(mào)易的優(yōu)勢，并且越南在這方面做得很好。

From the very outset of its civilization vietnam always attract foreign invaders and this land was partly or fully occupied by various powers and remain under colonial administration for years and finally in 1954 it divided into three parts, history of vietnam was full of bloodshed and terror, C?n V??ng movement,Thái Nguyên uprising, Yên Bái mutiny, battle of ?i?n Biên Ph?, 2nd world war, T?t Offensive and usa-vietman conflict ruin the peace and harmony of this land. besides the hills mountains the continuous rainy seasons , the whole topography make serious obstacles in its growth, several weak governments and their policies also hampered a lot however with the start of new millennia vietnam begun to rise under some capable administrators the begun to establish good alliances with its neighboring nations and also uplift its global image.

自文明伊始，越南就不斷吸引外國入侵者，這片土地曾部分或全部被多個列強占領(lǐng)，并處于殖民統(tǒng)治下達數(shù)年之久，最終在1954年被分成三部分。越南的歷史充滿了流血和恐怖，勤王運動、太原起義、安沛兵變、奠邊府戰(zhàn)役、第二次世界大戰(zhàn)、春節(jié)攻勢以及美越?jīng)_突，都破壞了這片土地的和平與和諧。除了丘陵山脈和連綿的雨季，整個地形對其發(fā)展構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重障礙，幾個軟弱的政府及其政策也造成了很多阻礙。然而，隨著新千年的開始，在一些有能力的治理者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，越南開始崛起，開始與鄰國建立良好聯(lián)盟，并提升其全球形象。

vietnam was mainly depend upon its agriculture and agriculture is the main source of their economy but gradually their government begun to open this arms and established trade alliance with USSR and its allies , they also introduct 5 years plans and give importance upon the production of rice, they also mine Bauxite, aluminium and after the fall of USSR they open their trades for the world and introduct liberal policies which help vietnam to grow and their GDP begun to gain rapid pace , now in 2024 their nominal GDP is about 465 billion USD and PPP GDP is 1.559 trillion, per Per capita GDP is $4,622 which is much higher then India, Human devlopment index is in high with 0.766

越南過去主要依賴農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)是其經(jīng)濟的主要來源。但漸漸地，其政府開始開放門戶，與蘇聯(lián)及其盟友建立貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟，他們還引入了五年計劃，并重視水稻生產(chǎn)，他們也開采鋁土礦和鋁。蘇聯(lián)解體后，他們向世界開放貿(mào)易并引入自由化政策，這幫助越南實現(xiàn)了增長，其GDP開始快速增長。如今在2024年，其名義GDP約為4650億美元，購買力平價（PPP）GDP為1.559萬億美元，人均GDP為4,622美元，遠高于印度，人類發(fā)展指數(shù)（HDI）高達0.766。

China a major powerhouse in the current world establish so many infra in vietnam and use its ports for trade , vietnam become hub of so many manufacturing companies and vietnam continue towards growth and rise like a mega economic force in Asia. after chinas deteriorating relations with EU, India and USA china used vietnam as its proxy to run business and for this vietnam gain so much profit and name for itself in the world, Vietnamese military also rapidly strengthened itself and begun to dominate in Asia.

中國作為當(dāng)今世界的主要強國，在越南建立了大量基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施并利用其港口進行貿(mào)易，越南已成為眾多制造公司的中心，并持續(xù)朝著增長和崛起的方向發(fā)展，成為亞洲的一支巨大經(jīng)濟力量。在中國與歐盟、印度和美國關(guān)系惡化之后，中國利用越南作為其代理人開展業(yè)務(wù)，越南也因此獲得了巨大利潤并在世界上贏得了聲譽。越南軍隊也迅速壯大，并開始在亞洲占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。

Philip L The premise is wrong. Land mass is counter productive to a manufacturing powerhouse. Manufacturers collocate, not disburse, logistics is an inconvenience until manufacturing gets too big. Are Korea, Japan, etc not manufacturing giants? And as Li pointed out, Vietnam is by no means small. Factors impacting Vietnam in manufacturing geopolitically, is whether it has good infrastructure (freight, ports) and people (population in manufacturing hubs).

前提是錯的。 國土面積對制造業(yè)強國是起反作用的。 制造商是聚集（collocate），而不是分散（disburse）。在制造業(yè)規(guī)模變得過大之前，物流只是個麻煩。韓國、日本等難道不是制造業(yè)巨頭嗎？ 而且正如Li指出的，越南絕非小國。 在地緣政治上影響越南制造業(yè)的因素是，它是否擁有良好的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（貨運、港口）和人力資源（制造業(yè)中心的人口）。

Michael Moody Not in my opinion. Vietnam has lots of rivers. Transport from the interior to the coast and then on to world markets would not be difficult. That said, I think the time of global markets is over. It leads to a concentration of income opportunities and investment opportunities in the hands of very few. That will not work in a world of 8 billion. A new paradigm is badly needed.

在我看來并非如此。越南有很多河流。從內(nèi)陸到海岸再轉(zhuǎn)運到世界市場的運輸不會困難。話雖如此，我認(rèn)為全球市場的時代已經(jīng)結(jié)束。它導(dǎo)致收入機會和投資機會集中在極少數(shù)人手中。在一個擁有80億人口的世界里，這行不通。迫切需要一個新的模式。

Drew Nelles Samsung Mobile Phones, Samsung TV’s, most printers and scanners for most computer brands, Yamaha Motor Bikes, Honda Motor Bikes. Vinacar (yes, local grown car manufacturer), to name but a few that come to the top of my head. Japan and South Korea both have an enormous manufacturing presence in Vietnam that is widely visible and expanding. From the CIA Factbook (sourced 4 August 2019): Exports, “clothes, shoes, electronics, seafood, crude oil, rice, coffee, wooden products, machinery”. Industry: 33% (of total economy). Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones [bold added for emphasis] I’ve read elsewhere (can’t remember the source) that 10% of the total economy is manufacturing for foreign companies (i.e. Samsung, Honda, etc). All the above data is pre: Trade War (China-US), so those numbers will grow significantly. The latest worry is that Vietnam (population 100 million) will run out of people needed to manufacture things. They are about 15 years behind China, yes. But if you think in 15 years from now they won’t be ahead of where China is now, you would be greatly mistaken. They manufacture a lot, mostly for foreigners currently, but they are beginning (see Vinacar) to take their first steps at developing their own products too. So to answer your question directly, “yes, Vietnam can”

三星手機、三星電視、大多數(shù)電腦品牌的大部分打印機和掃描儀、雅馬哈摩托車、本田摩托車。Vinacar（是的，本土汽車制造商），僅舉我腦海中立刻浮現(xiàn)的幾個例子。 日本和韓國在越南都有巨大且不斷擴張的制造業(yè)存在，這有目共睹。 摘自CIA Factbook（2019年8月4日數(shù)據(jù)）：出口產(chǎn)品，“服裝、鞋類、電子產(chǎn)品、海產(chǎn)品、原油、大米、咖啡、木制品、機械”。工業(yè)：占經(jīng)濟總量的33%。工業(yè)包括：食品加工、服裝、鞋類、機械制造；采礦、煤炭、鋼鐵；水泥、化肥、玻璃、輪胎、石油、手機 [加粗以示強調(diào)] 我在別處讀到過（不記得來源了），整個經(jīng)濟中有10%是為外國公司（如三星、本田等）進行制造。 以上所有數(shù)據(jù)都在貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)（中美）之前，因此這些數(shù)字將顯著增長。最新的擔(dān)憂是越南（1億人口）將耗盡制造產(chǎn)品所需的人力。 是的，他們大約落后中國15年。但如果你認(rèn)為15年后他們不會超過中國現(xiàn)在的水平，那你就大錯特錯了。他們制造很多東西，目前主要是為外國公司代工，但他們已經(jīng)開始（見Vinacar）邁出開發(fā)自己產(chǎn)品的第一步。 所以直接回答你的問題，“是的，越南能行”

Dzung Le When I had factories tours in Vietnam, I found that many state owned factories can manufacture things excellently if the quality is the priority, but productivity can’t meet modern need. For example, they can make very big and expensive gear, ie. 5 meters of diameter, but unable to satisfy big orders for cheap and small gears which is more popular to market economy. It’s about technology, outdated technology in state owned factories made the growth slow. Among state owned factories, military factories have the advantage of newer technology and scale, but the best would be domestic vendors for FDI like Honda, Yamaha, Samsung .. they were transferred technology from Japan… with Japanese engineers come to support.

當(dāng)我在越南參觀工廠時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)許多國有工廠如果以質(zhì)量為優(yōu)先，可以制造出非常出色的產(chǎn)品，但其生產(chǎn)力無法滿足現(xiàn)代需求。 例如，他們可以制造非常大且昂貴的齒輪，比如直徑5米的，但卻無法滿足市場經(jīng)濟中更受歡迎的小型廉價齒輪的大訂單需求。 這關(guān)乎技術(shù)，國有工廠中過時的技術(shù)導(dǎo)致增長緩慢。 在國有工廠中，軍用工廠擁有較新技術(shù)和規(guī)模的優(yōu)點，但最好的是那些為外商直接投資（FDI）服務(wù)的本土供應(yīng)商，如本田、雅馬哈、三星……他們從日本獲得了技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓……并有日本工程師前來支持。

Ngoc Diep Hoang While Vietnam can only manufacture light industry stuffs (such as clothings, shoes, etc.), and provide cheap labours to international brands (such as Samsung, Foxconn, various car brands, etc.) due to the incompetent and corrupted Vietnam communist Party (VCP) especially in human resource factor, Vietnam has high potentials to grow. With its hard-working intelligent people, its strategic location… Vietnam only need a new government system which is not corrupted (by counter-checking by various opposition parties) and can form adequate policies (by employing various think-tanks inputs) to expose and utilise local and Vietnamse expats skills in mid. and high management levels as well as its expat. resources in talents and in connections.

盡管由于越共（VCP）的無能且腐敗（尤其在人力資源因素上），越南目前只能制造輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品（如服裝、鞋類等），并為國際品牌（如三星、富士康、各類汽車品牌等）提供廉價勞動力，但越南具有巨大的增長潛力。 憑借其勤勞智慧的人民、其戰(zhàn)略位置……越南只需要一個不腐?。ㄍㄟ^各反對黨的制衡）并能制定適當(dāng)政策（通過采納各智庫的意見）的新政府體系，來發(fā)掘和利用本土及越南僑民在中高層管理上的技能，以及其海外僑民在人才和人脈方面的資源。